The Surreal Landscapes of Industrial Waste in Russia

These unworldly photos of Russia’s industrial waste sites capture landscapes that appear stunning but hide a toxic reality beneath their surreal beauty.

A bright turquoise lake near the Siberian Generating Company in Novosibirsk, known as the "Siberian Maldives," is a toxic waste site. Credit: Alexander Sukharev
A bright turquoise lake near the Siberian Generating Company in Novosibirsk, known as the "Siberian Maldives," is a toxic waste site.Credit: Alexander Sukharev

At first glance, these landscapes look like something from another planet—stunning expanses of turquoise water, vivid orange rivers, and vast, desolate plains. But beneath their surreal beauty lies a dangerous reality. These are industrial waste sites: ash disposal zones from power plants, sewage drainage channels, and toxic liquid reservoirs scattered across Russia.

Photographer Alexander Sukharev set out to document these hidden hazards. As a co-founder of the Kosmaj Project, he spent months traveling across the country, from Moscow to Vladivostok, using a drone to capture the scale of the damage. What began as a planned visit to a few sites soon became an obsession, leading him to seek out these polluted landscapes in nearly every city he passed.

“The superficial beauty of these places conceals a horrendous threat to the environment,” Sukharev wrote on Twitter. His collection highlights the unsettling contrast between nature’s resilience and the scars left behind by industry. These images serve as a stark reminder of the environmental cost of human progress.

The waste treatment facilities in Sterlitamak. Authorities are using bacteria which feed on the waste, to reduce the environmental impact. Credit: Alexander Sukharev
The waste treatment facilities in Sterlitamak. Authorities are using bacteria which feed on the waste, to reduce the environmental impact. Credit: Alexander Sukharev

The sludge disposal site of an aluminium plant in the city of Kamensk-Uralsky in the Sverdlovsk Region. Credit: Alexander Sukharev
The sludge disposal site of an aluminium plant in the city of Kamensk-Uralsky in the Sverdlovsk Region. Credit: Alexander Sukharev

A liquid waste reservoir near the town of Zima. Credit: Alexander Sukharev
A liquid waste reservoir near the town of Zima. Credit: Alexander Sukharev

The ash dump of the Artyom CHP power plant in the Primorye region. Credit: Alexander Sukharev
The ash dump of the Artyom CHP power plant in the Primorye region. Credit: Alexander Sukharev
An abandoned copper mine near Levikha village flooded over 20 years ago, turning a nearby river orange with sulphuric acid, destroying soil, trees, and wildlife. Credit: Alexander Sukharev
An abandoned copper mine near Levikha village flooded over 20 years ago, turning a nearby river orange with sulphuric acid, destroying soil, trees, and wildlife. Credit: Alexander Sukharev
A liquid waste reservoir along the Chita-Khabarovsk highway in Russia’s Far East, a region known for its copper, tin, and gold mines. Credit: Alexander Sukharev
A liquid waste reservoir along the Chita-Khabarovsk highway in Russia’s Far East, a region known for its copper, tin, and gold mines. Credit: Alexander Sukharev
Russian SFSR Poster by T. Dmitrieva - Children explore red aircraft models and blue book in invention themed art (1982)Russian SFSR Poster by T. Dmitrieva - Children explore red aircraft models and blue book in invention themed art (1982), framed in apartment with parquet floors and soft sunlight

Create, Invent, Try!

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Russian SFSR, 1982

Create, Invent, Try!

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Russian SFSR, 1982

Estonian SSR Matchbox Art - Blue Tallinn cityscape with playful matchbox element (1960s)Estonian SSR Matchbox Art - Blue Tallinn cityscape with playful matchbox element (1960s), framed in apartment with parquet floors and soft sunlight

Tallinn

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Estonian SSR, 1960s

Tallinn

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Estonian SSR, 1960s

Estonian SSR Matchbox Art - Soviet symbols arranged on blue background (1960s)Estonian SSR Matchbox Art - Soviet symbols arranged on blue background (1960s), framed in apartment with parquet floors and soft sunlight

50 Years of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

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Estonian SSR, 1960s

50 Years of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

Offset/paper

Estonian SSR, 1960s